Nuxt Rspack Build Crash: Troubleshooting Guide

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Nuxt Rspack Build Crash: Troubleshooting Guide

Hey everyone! 👋 If you're encountering a segmentation fault when building your Nuxt project with Rspack and running it with Bun, you're not alone. This guide will walk you through the problem, how to reproduce it, and what the logs are saying. We'll delve into the stack trace and hopefully point you toward a solution or at least a workaround. Let's get started!

Understanding the Problem: Nuxt, Rspack, and Bun

First off, let's break down the players involved. Nuxt.js is a popular framework for building Vue.js applications. Rspack is a modern, fast Rust-based bundler, and Bun is a fast JavaScript runtime, package manager, and bundler. The issue arises when these three are used together, particularly during the build process.

Basically, the bug causes a crash (a segmentation fault), meaning the program tries to access a memory location it shouldn't, leading to an abrupt exit. This can be super frustrating, especially when you're trying to ship your project. The error originates from the interaction between Rspack, and Bun when building your Nuxt.js application.

Let's move on to how this crash can be reproduced, step-by-step.

How to Reproduce the Crash

Reproducing the crash is relatively straightforward, which helps in debugging and identifying the root cause. Here are the steps, as provided in the original report:

  1. Set up the Environment: The crash happens when you run bun run build. Ensure you have a Nuxt project with Rspack as the bundler and are using Bun as the runtime. A CodeSandbox example has been provided to help you get this set up quickly.
  2. Execute the Build Command: The key command that triggers the bug is bun run build. This command typically leverages Bun to build and bundle your Nuxt.js application for deployment or production.
  3. Observe the Crash: After running the build command, you should see the panic(main thread): Segmentation fault error. This is a clear indicator of the crash. The error message will also include a stack trace that points to the part of the code that failed.

By following these steps, you should be able to consistently reproduce the issue. Make sure to have a Nuxt project configured with Rspack and use Bun to run the build command, as these are the crucial conditions that trigger the bug. Remember to keep an eye on the console output for the error messages.

Now, let's analyze the logs to understand what's happening under the hood.

Analyzing the Logs: Unpacking the Error Messages

Let's dissect the logs provided. Understanding the log output is critical for pinpointing the source of the crash and for potentially finding a solution or workaround. Here's a breakdown:

Relevant Log Output

The log output starts with the command used, showing that bun run build was executed. It then provides information about the environment, including the Nuxt version, Nitro preset, and versions of Bun and Rspack. The logs then move on to the crash details.

➜ workspace git:(main) ✗ bun run build
$ bunx --bun nuxt build
Nuxt 4.2.1 (with Nitro 2.12.9, Rspack 1.6.3 and Vue 3.5.24)                                                                                                                                                                        nuxi 6:05:08 PM
ℹ Building for Nitro preset: node-server                                                                                                                                                                                          nuxi 6:05:09 PM
============================================================
Bun v1.3.2 (b131639c) Linux x64 (baseline)
Linux Kernel v6.1.43 | glibc v2.31
CPU: sse42 popcnt avx avx2 avx512
Args: "node" "/project/workspace/node_modules/.bin/nuxt" "build"
Features: Bun.stderr(2) Bun.stdin(2) Bun.stdout(2) jsc spawn tsconfig(3) process_dlopen(5)
Builtins: "bun:main" "node:assert" "node:async_hooks" "node:buffer" "node:child_process" "node:constants" "node:crypto" "node:events" "node:fs" "node:fs/promises" "node:http" "node:https" "node:module" "node:net" "node:os" "node:path" "node:perf_hooks" "node:process" "node:querystring" "node:readline" "node:stream" "node:stream/promises" "node:string_decoder" "node:tty" "node:url" "node:util" "node:vm" "node:zlib" "node:worker_threads" "ws" "node:v8"
Elapsed: 2482ms | User: 2667ms | Sys: 420ms
RSS: 1.04GB | Peak: 0.41GB | Commit: 1.04GB | Faults: 5 | Machine: 4.30GB

panic(main thread): Segmentation fault at address 0x0
oh no: Bun has crashed. This indicates a bug in Bun, not your code.

error: script "build" was terminated by signal SIGILL (Illegal instruction)
[1]    5604 illegal hardware instruction  bun run build

The output clearly states the crash and the reason (segmentation fault), with the build process failing with an Illegal instruction signal. This means the CPU is trying to execute an invalid instruction, leading to the crash. The error message Segmentation fault at address 0x0 indicates a memory access violation, typically due to a null pointer dereference or writing to a protected memory region.

Stack Trace (bun.report)

The stack trace is the most crucial part of the logs, as it reveals the sequence of function calls that led to the crash. Here is the stack trace. Examining the stack trace helps to identify the exact location of the error, as it shows the sequence of function calls that led to the crash. The stack trace from the bun.report helps pinpoint the code path where the crash occurred.

Bun v1.3.2 ([`b131639`](<https://github.com/oven-sh/bun/tree/b131639cc545af23e568feb68e7d5c14c2778b20>)) on linux x86_64_baseline [RunAsNodeCommand]

Segmentation fault at address 0x00000000

- [`Task.zig:484`](<https://github.com/oven-sh/bun/blob/b131639cc545af23e568feb68e7d5c14c2778b20/src/bun.js/event_loop/Task.zig#L484>): `bun.js.event_loop.Task.tickQueueWithCount`
- [`event_loop.zig:217`](<https://github.com/oven-sh/bun/blob/b131639cc545af23e568feb68e7d5c14c2778b20/src/bun.js/event_loop.zig#L217>): `bun.js.event_loop.tick`
- [`VirtualMachine.zig:906`](<https://github.com/oven-sh/bun/blob/b131639cc545af23e568feb68e7d5c14c2778b20/src/bun.js/VirtualMachine.zig#L906>): `bun.js.Run.start`
- [`jsc.zig:235`](<https://github.com/oven-sh/bun/blob/b131639cc545af23e568feb68e7d5c14c2778b20/src/bun.js/jsc.zig#L235>): `bun.js.jsc.OpaqueWrap.callback`
- [`bindings.cpp:4617`](<https://github.com/oven-sh/bun/blob/b131639cc545af23e568feb68e7d5c14c2778b20/src/bun.js/bindings/bindings.cpp#L4617>): `JSC__VM__holdAPILock`
- [`VM.zig:35`](<https://github.com/oven-sh/bun/blob/b131639cc545af23e568feb68e7d5c14c2778b20/src/bun.js/bindings/VM.zig#L35>): `bun.js.Run.boot`
- [`run_command.zig:1659`](<https://github.com/oven-sh/bun/blob/b131639cc545af23e568feb68e7d5c14c2778b20/src/cli/run_command.zig#L1659>): `cli.Command.start`
- [`cli.zig:20`](<https://github.com/oven-sh/bun/blob/b131639cc545af23e568feb68e7d5c14c2778b20/src/cli.zig#L20>): `cli.Cli.start`
- [`main.zig:61`](<https://github.com/oven-sh/bun/blob/b131639cc545af23e568feb68e7d5c14c2778b20/src/main.zig#L61>): `main`

The stack trace shows that the crash originates within the Bun runtime, specifically in the interaction between the JavaScriptCore (JSC) and the event loop. The JSC__VM__holdAPILock function and other related calls suggest there might be issues with how Bun is handling locks or memory access within the JSC context. The Illegal instruction signal indicates a possible incompatibility or a bug in how instructions are being executed by the CPU, which points to a potential problem with the generated code or the runtime's interaction with the system's hardware.

Now, let's explore some potential solutions or workarounds to this issue.

Potential Solutions and Workarounds

Unfortunately, because the crash appears to originate within the Bun runtime, the most direct solution involves addressing the bug within Bun itself. However, here are some strategies you can explore:

1. Update Bun and Rspack

Make sure you're using the latest versions of Bun and Rspack. Updates often include bug fixes and performance improvements. Also, check to see if there are any newer releases of Nuxt that might include fixes or compatibility updates.

2. Check for Compatibility Issues

  • Hardware Compatibility: The error message Illegal instruction can sometimes indicate that the code generated by Bun isn't compatible with your CPU architecture. This is less likely but possible. Try running your build on a different machine with a different CPU architecture to see if the issue persists.
  • Operating System: Ensure your operating system is fully up-to-date. Sometimes, compatibility issues can arise due to outdated system libraries.

3. Try Different Node.js Versions

Although you're using Bun, Nuxt builds may have different behavior with certain Node.js versions. Try different Node.js versions to see if they can work around the issue. This might not directly fix the Rspack and Bun issue, but it could help identify if the problem is specific to a particular version's interaction with Nuxt.

4. Consider Using a Different Bundler (Temporary Workaround)

As a temporary workaround, you could switch to a different bundler like webpack for your Nuxt build process. This is not a long-term solution, but it might allow you to continue working on your project while the Bun issue is resolved.

5. Report the Bug

Report the bug on the Bun repository. Providing detailed information, including the logs and stack trace, can greatly help the Bun developers in resolving the issue. Describe the issue in detail, including steps to reproduce it and the environment details, so that it can be fixed by the developers.

Conclusion: Navigating the Crash

The segmentation fault when building a Nuxt project with Rspack and Bun is a tricky issue, and it's likely a bug in Bun. By understanding the problem, analyzing the logs, and exploring the potential solutions above, you're better equipped to troubleshoot the problem. Keep an eye on updates to Bun and Rspack, and report the issue to the Bun team to help them fix it. Good luck, and happy coding!